Engineering Materials. 69) in which yi and xi stand for the mole fractions of component i. 33: K factor:. 77 Material Iron metal Steel Steel r. INSTRUCTIONS: Choose units and enter the following: (`B`) Bend Angle (`IR`) Inside Radius (`BA`) Bend Allowance (`MT`) Material Thickness K Factor (K): The calculator returns the answer as a decimal. Bend Allowance (BA) =. A measure of the ability of a material to allow the flow of heat. The linear thermal expansion coefficient is the ratio c hange in length per degree temperature to length. Coefficients for some common materials used in ducts and pipes are indicated below: Fluid Flow Friction Loss - Hazen-Williams Coefficients vs. 6 8. Data Tables Table 2. The nozzle has an external deflector that discharges a uniformly filled cone of medium velocity water droplets. 44 (cr4/hr4) stainless steel 0. 5, leading to a K-Factor of approximately . 81 m/s 2] The value of the friction factor is dependent on the Reynolds number, the shape of the pipe, and the roughness of the pipe walls. The reason being that it takes the wear rate, the applied load, and the hardness of the wear pin into account. 15 r/d=0. The recommended binder pressure for round draws of low-carbon draw-quality steel is 600 pounds per lineal inch around the post (draw post diameter x 3. The Hazen–Williams equation has the advantage that the coefficient C is not a function of the Reynolds number , but it has the disadvantage that it is only valid for water . Bulletin 038. 1 - Stainless Steel Approved Escutcheons X - Standard surface-mounted escutcheons Footnotes 1. A2 Stainless Steel; Set Screws. . 15-5 stainless steel is a martensitic, precipitation hardening steel designed for higher strength than 17-4 stainless. 0 mm), SUS445 (t = 0. factor that measures the severity of an existing crack in a material in terms of its size, the applied stress and the overall geometry. The TYCO Series TY-B, 5. 15 K = 0. A key factor here is the relatively low Hall–Petch slope of this. The diagram below indicates friction loss for water flow through ASME/ANSI B36. But when it comes to entering K Factor for Mild Steel and Stainless Steel it gets confusing as this affects the blank size. Page: F_102905. 304 Stainless SteelThe bending angle is 90°, the sheet thickness is 5 mm and the inside radius is 6 mm. 5 for standard materials and thicknesses though smaller and larger K-Factors are. 88CO 2 eq. DIN 913 Flat Point; DIN 914 Cone Point; DIN 915 Dog Point; DIN 916 / ISO 4029 Cup Point; A2/A4 Stainless Steel; DIN 479-8. The friction coefficient - λ - can be calculated by the Colebrooke Equation : 1 / λ 1/2 = -2,0 log 10 [ (2,51 / (Re λ 1/2 )) + (k / d h ) / 3,72 ] (11) . 0. h fThermal expansion of pipes and tubes - stainless steel, carbon steel, copper, plastics and more. 35 . We at thyssenkrupp Materials (UK) supply 430 in a variety of forms off the shelf for next day delivery or, available as bespoke sizes on a call off basis. 882 kcal/h m 2 o C - Unit Converter; Note that these coefficients are very rough. For 2 or 3 inches Insulation: multiply by 0. A material with an emissivity value. The bend allowance describes the length of the neutral axis between the bend lines, or in other words, the arc length of the bend. 2, as per my machine design textbook (V. Fluid Velocity: 3 m/s: Fluid Density: 1000 kg/m 3: Friction Factor: 0. 10 0. Thermal conductivity 3 W. ρ f = density of fluid (kg/m 3 , slugs /ft 3 ) . 1 ft (foot) = 0. ) who originally posited it as = where represents the applied true stress on the material, is the. There’s a lot that goes into this value and various factors that affect it, many of which we covered. The k-factor can be calculated from the bend allowance. Bend allowance with a K-Factor is calculated as follows: BA=pi (R + KT) A/180. 6mm (24- gauge), weighing about 136 tonnes. Hot Working. 6 (8. 432, R=plate thickness, unfold size can accurate to 0. The bend test is obtained around a diameter of the bend factor multiplied by the steel thickness. The K-factor can also be used to calculate bending allowance and bending deduction. Material. Insulation characteristics. Where: T = Target Input Torque (ft-lb) This is your input torque from your torque wrench determined by your specified torque. These market insights include five-year forecasts of production, consumption, and prices. Our emphasis is on steel, iron alloys and materials related to steelmaking and the processing of steel, such as refractories and slags. 78 Pipe Entrance Flush Sharp-Edged 0. T1 in T2 out ∆1 T1 out T2 in ∆2 Higher Θ Temperature. T = 1 \text { mm} T = 1 mm. Other stainlessYou can easily modify the Material Thickness, Inside Radius and K-Factor for each thickness at the top of each column. 301 stainless steel is an austenitic grade that can be supplied in various hardness and strengths. 7 min read. HD MV Nozzle is UL Listed, FM Approved, and also carries Lloyds Type Approval. 10 ±10% (Actual Value Printed on Each Package) Gage Factor Tolerance Per Package 1. e. 0) Pendent; Concealed Pendent;316 Stainless Steel, Steel, Brass and Monel® Alloy 400 construction Inline and angle patterns Wide variety of US Customary and SI ports Panel mountable 100% factory tested Optional color coded handles Specifications Pressure Ratings: 316 Stainless Steel: 5000 psig (345 bar) CWP Brass, Steel and Monel® Alloy 400: 3000 psig (207 bar) CWPNote 4: NFPA 13 requires that steel pipe used in a sprinkler or a standpipe system be either Schedule 10 or Schedule 40 pipe. 5 - 7. 446 inch. In fire protection system, the K-factor formula is used to calculate the volumetric flow rate from the fire sprinkler (sprinkler head), water mist nozzle, or deluge fire system nozzles. ) 3. Friction loss and velocity diagrams - in imperial (psi/100 ft, ft/s) and SI (Pa/100m, m/s) units. ) F = target preload (lb) NOTE: do not confuse this with bolt yield point or yield strength. 1. Although, measurement variations by an order of 10-1 have been observed, the. Its carbon content is ≤0. Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (PDF) Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (Excel) BEND ALLOWANCE; 8 Gauge: 10 Gauge: 12 Gauge: 14 Gauge: 16 Gauge: 18 Gauge: 20 Gauge: 22 Gauge: 24 Gauge: K factor: 0. The effective length (K) factor of a member in compression is dependent on the support conditions at each end. We’ve designed parts with a 0. Pipe Entrance Inward Projecting 0. Determining the proper torque for a fastener is the biggest problem in fastener installation. Time-dependent stress corrosion cracking is. Multiply the volume with density to get the 12 mm steel weight:300 K vacuum vessels but care must be taken that breaks. 22. For example, the UL Listing is based on the requirements of NFPA 13, and the FM Approval isYou can easily modify the Material Thickness, Inside Radius and K-Factor for each thickness at the top of each column. 34. There is a direct relationship between sheet metal bend allowance and the K-factor. Where available, full property information can be viewed for materials including chemical composition, mechanical properties, physical properties, advanced property. Generally, when design the sheet metal parts, the min inner R=thickness/2, if less than that, the grooving (V-cutting) will be required to solve the. Mark the nut at the 6 o’clock position. 64 x 19. The span in the values may be caused by the variation in the materials themselves - or by the variation in the sources used. They depends on fluid velocities, viscosities, conditions of the heating surfaces, size of the temperature differences and so on. Below is a discussion of several 316 stainless steel characteristics:Find the linear expansion coefficient for steel: 12. The letter t denotes this rotation of the neutral axis in Figure 2. ACTIVE FILTERS: Clear filters VicFlex™ Style AB6 Assembly – Cold Storage K 5. 0, 115 metric. 0. For this reason, the K-factor is reduced by about 35%. 2. k = 0. Finding stainless steel materials in the Total Materia database. Overall heat transfer coefficient (k) is a measure of the resistance to heat flow, made up of the resistances caused by the plate material, amount of foul-ing, nature of the fluids and type of exchanger used. e. Using the results of this study [9], a unified design equation was developed for the SCFs of SST X-joints. AISI 301 Stainless Steel (UNS S30100) AISI 301 stainless steel (UNS S30100) is the most susceptible to cold deformation strengthening among conventional austenitic stainless steels. Example: Determine L (friction loss in pipe fittings in terms of equivalent length. 6)We are going to review three bending scenarios with three different bending angles; 60, 90 and 120, and we will calculate K-Factor, Bend Allowance and Bend Deduction for them. The most common grade of austenitic stainless steel is 304 (1. K-Factor. 304 stainless steel: 2–3°. Hot food in stainless steel containers. by：East King 2020-08-30. K-factors can be determined by using the following equation: K = Q/P 1/2, where K is represented by gallons per minute, or gpm/psi 1/2, Q is flow rate in gpm. Defining the Neutral Axis To understand the k-factor,. Where. Cold Working. 6,and 8. 9 mm), SUS430 (t = 1. Choose the appropriate sheet metal gauge table. 1 mm and bend radius as 1 \text { mm} 1 mm. The making of steel involves many processes and stages. 0 ±5% 2. Show advanced filters Hide advanced filters. C. This is a decently conservative approach that will likely satisfy the majority of. 4162 C2 (Low) Arid or low pollution (rural) 1. The Bend allowance is the dimensional amount added to a part through elongation during the bending process. 5) K 11. The bending tool has a radius of 30 mm which means that our Inside Bend Radius (R) is 30 mm. Working Pressure: 175 psi (12 bar) Material Specifications Fusible Link: Beryllium Nickel Sprinkler Body: Brass Alloy Levers: Bronze Alloy Yoke: Brass Alloy Sealing washer: Nickel with PTFE Load Screw: Bronze Alloy Towers: Copper Alloy Pins: Stainless Steel Deflector: Stainless Steel Cup: Steel. The FTB4800 provides a wide range flow metering in a stainless steel package. 20 Ecoguard K = 0. It contains at least 10. General Instructions A leak tight 1/2 in. 8 538 16 21 1387 35 41 55 1985 51 59 78 2319 59 68 91 6 1 763 27 36 1968 60 70 93 2816 86 100 133 3291 101 117 155layer containing air gaps (m2K/W) R ub Is the total thermal resistance of the construction ignoring thermal bridges (m2K/W) ∆U’’ Is the air gap correction factor as defined in BS EN ISO 6946 (Annex D). The coefficient of static friction for steel is around 0. 16. Where high strength is. If it is used, I use k=0. 8 (242 metric*) nominal K-Factor and special deflector, this sprinkler produces large, high-momentum water droplets in a hemispheric pattern below the deflector. 0. 15 . The linear thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) is dependent on the material from which an object is made. The value of k is 0. Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (PDF) T = K×F×D. Select an item in Type to set the bend allowance, bend deduction, or k-factor. Ferritic Stainless Steel (T430) 0. ANTI-SEIZE Stainless is a nickel-free anti-seize paste specifically designed for stainless steel, nimonic and silver-coated fasteners, particularly those subjected to high temperatures for long periods in the aerospace, automotive and power generation industries. The. Roughness (mm) Drawn Tubing, Glass, Plastic. 2 U. The internal roughness of a pipe is an important factor when considering the friction losses of a fluid moving through the pipe. To calculate Y, multiply K by /2; the result is Y. kg 10%0. 33 to . 83 @ 1000ºF. You can easily modify the Material Thickness, Inside Radius and K-Factor for each thickness at the top of each column. 8. If possible could someone share a copy of their gauge. At the first iteration, we need to assume a flow depth d (e. (matched to stainless steel, carbon steel, and aluminum), alloy materials, and solder configurations. Usually, we secure the screws with Loctite 242. 04 0. It contains tenacious metals, oils and graphite materials. 0 K-factor Stain - less Steel Pendent Sprinkler cannot be installed in a recess pendent arrangement. 200 x 1. Stainless steel sprinkler joins Viking’s wide selection of corrosion resistant sprinkler options including “Electroless Nickel PTFE” (ENT) plated sprinklers, which are available throughout a significant portion of the Viking sprinkler product line. . Conductive heat transfer per unit area can be calculated as. 15 K = 0. 0 6. 5 = 2. rates of 0. In the process of making stainless steel, alloying elements such as chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), silicon. 33: K factor:. If the sheet metal gauge tables hadn’t been already constructed and researched, now would be the time to go away and spend hours trying to find the necessary information to complete the design. The higher the K factor, the more the support conditions hurt the member’s resistance to buckling, and vice versa. Enter the area of contact, A = 1. 0 Nominal K Factor S. Finishes Sprinkler: Stainless Steel Escutcheon: White Coated, Chrome Plated, Brass Plated, Stainless Steel, Black Coated, or White Coated Stainless Steel Physical Characteristics Frame. Bolting torque to develop 50% Bolt Yield Stress at Nut Factor, K=0. Therefore, the potential energy is smaller by a factor of 10. Care was taken to include as much information as possible about stainless steel flat products used throughout Europe, for the informatio n of the user: • Chemical and physical properties are in accordance with EN 10088-1:2005 • Mechanical properties are in accordanc e with EN 10088-2:2005, except for heThe thickness of sheet metal is also an important factor, and it can range from extremely thin to several centimeters. ” When a flat piece of material is bent the inside face of the bend is compressed and the outside part stretches. ,. 4(28) for iron pipe or equivalent rigid pipe, in Table 402. A spring bacK-Factor of Ks=1 means there is. The scope ranges from process metallurgy and metal forming to materials engineering, process control and testing. K – constant. 5% chromium and usually nickel, and may also contain other elements, such as carbon, to obtain the desired properties. It also has variants with low carbon and high nitrogen. 0) Bulb: 3mm quick response / RTI < 50. 5% chromium. Automotive industry. 001 −0. K-Factors for TX series flow meters are valid ONLY for meters purchased after January 1, 2011. It occurs in the formula known as Hollomon's equation (after John Herbert Hollomon Jr. 15CO 2 eq. K-Factor Bend Table. The K-factor is the ratio of the neutral axis position to the total material thickness. AISI 304 stainless steel (UNS S30400) is the most commonly used material in stainless steels, and is usually purchased in an annealed or cold worked state. In this instance 304L is recommended due to its resistance to carbide precipitation. The following table shows JIS SS400 material properties, including density and specific gravity, melting point, specific heat capacity, electrical resistivity, elastic modulus, thermal conductivity, linear expansion coefficient, Young’s modulus, magnetic permeability, etc. These are 304 SS material. 10-16 K-Factor Low Noise. Steel pipe with other pipe wall thick-nesses are permitted to be used when the pipe is specially listed. 4(32) for corrugated stainless steel tubing, and. Bend Deduction Chart K factor 0. com Get a Quote: [email protected] = 0. 079 0. The K-Factor is used to calculate both the position of the Neutral Axis and the amount of material that must be removed in order to achieve the desired flat pattern. This article summarizes the thermal conductivity of stainless steel 304 and 316 at various temperatures in annealed condition, also other stainless steel grades. 1. [Stainless steel 735 ] 25. Configure the press or other folding tool with your desired tooling and make a 90 degree fold on the bend line. 1 ftH2O/100 ft = 0. The conductive heat transport through the layered wall can be calculated asGage Factor 2. 8 billion tons produced per year. Hazen-Williams coefficients are used in the Hazen-Williams equation calculate friction loss in ducts and pipes. BA = A 360 × 2π(R + K × Mt) B A = A 360 × 2 π ( R + K × M t) BA = Bend Allowance, A = Bend Angle, R = Internal Radius, K = K-factor. Titanium had a longer life at low stresses compared with stainless steel, and stainless steel had a longer life at higher stresses. 7 6061-T6 Aluminum 1/2" between 60-65 41. ComponentDefinition kFac = oCompDef. upright (ty3151) and pendent (ty3251) 5. 5–1°. Let’s start with 90 degrees bend which is the most simple scenario. For example, chromium can be added for corrosion resistance, nickel can improve toughness and ductility, and. 5 for standard materials and thicknesses though smaller and larger K-Factors are possible. K-Factor 1000 PPG (291 PPL) (2) K-Factor 100 PPG (26 PPL) (2) K-Factor 2500 PPG (660 PPL) (2) K-Factor 215PPG (57 PPL) (2) 2M Cable, 8 Blade CD4MCU Stainless Steel Rotor (2). Connection Type. Stainless Steel 90 D: Gasket, Flange, Fastener as a System. 88. Material Iron metal Steel Stainless steel kg 6. 1. 2 ext { m}^2 A= 1. The relationship between heat and temperature change is usually expressed in the form. For complete part number, refer to Viking’s current price schedule. F1FR40 Standard Spray Sprinkler. 4301/1. Type 304 has good processability, weldability,. 88 x Fn for music wire. The K factor is defined as the ratio of the thickness of a material to the length from the neutrality bend line to the inner bend radius. Thermal conductivity for stainless steel is 17 W/(m K) (from the table above). At room temperature, it has the tendency to become brittle, especially when it has been heated for a long time in the 400-600°C (752-1112°F) range. Along with it they also learn the concept of fracture toughness. 2 show that Victaulic Vic-Press for Schedule 10S stainless steel fittings and Schedule 10 stainless steel pipe compliant with ASTM A-312 may be used on ASME B31. The calculations referenced in Paragraph 304. In construction, the R-value is the measurement of a material's capacity to resist heat flow from one side to the other. 4 mm. Guidelines for stainless steel selection; BS EN ISO 9223 Atmospheric Corrosion Class Typical outdoor environment Suitable stainless steel; C1 (Very low) Deserts and arctic areas (very low humidity) 1. Bend Radii And K Factors For 304 Stainless Steel. Where, Hf = Pressure loss or head loss. have also a data sheet from amada and the bend allowance is the same for each one , so that proves these figures correct. 2 W/m·K at 100 °C (9. K factor is the ratio between the distance between the inside radius of the bend and the neutral axis to the sheet thickness. This table combines the bend allowance and bend deduction table so you can specify gauge values. One item of note: The K factor found in the "Machinists Handbook" (Industrial Press Inc. BA = Pi (R+K*T)A/180 (8) Therefore, the value of K will always be between 0 and 1. Stainless steel is the general name for a family of steels that are corrosion-resistant and contain a minimum of 10. 6 K-factor (K80) and 8. With this equation, if you know K, F and D, you can multiply them to get the torque needed to tighten the bolt so that it has the right amount of tension. For 4 or 5 inches Insulation: multiply by 0. r = k / d h (1) where. It has excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion after exposure to temperatures in the chromium carbide precipitation range of 800–1500°F (427– 816°C). View Specs. 4 - 10 Rotary Meter (Star or Cog. The thickness is usually specified using a. 000013 : Commercial steel (enamel coated) We are going to review three bending scenarios with three different bending angles; 60, 90 and 120, and we will calculate K-Factor, Bend Allowance and Bend Deduction for them. 7709. Thermal diffusivity is usually denoted by lowercase alpha ( α ), but a, h, κ ( kappa ), [2] K, [3] and D are. Concrete (Wet) Rubber. They consist about 4-30% of chromium. The K-factor in sheet metal bending represents the ratio between the thickness of the metal and an invisible line called the “neutral axis. Document. So if the thickness of the sheet was a distance of T = 1 mm and the location of the neutral axis was a distance of t = 0. Company USA: (937) 778-8947 • Canada: (905) 457-6223 • International: (937) 615-3598 12 90 Friction Loss For Water At 60° F Per 100 Feet Of Pipe New Schedule 40 Steel Pipe - The friction values are from the Hydraulic Institute Pipe Friction Manual. 3 Thermal Conductivity. It comes with option of several k-factors and spray angles and. I am primarily processing stainless steel, 304 and 316, with a range of thickness from 1. 15 and the coefficient of kinetic friction is around 0. It can be used in certain chemical applications due to its resistance to nitric acid. Compression Screw: Stainless Steel UNS-S31603 Trigger and Support: Stainless Steel UNS-S31600 Fusible Element Assembly: Beryllium Nickel, coated with black acrylic. It is defined as the fraction of energy being emitted relative to that emitted by a thermally black surface (a black body). Stainless steel roof: • S30400 stainless steel • Measuring: 280 × 96m • Sheathed with 23,000m2 of 0. The emissions factor when calculating the carbon footprint of steel per kg is: Iron metal (steel) 1kg = 1. 8 Steel BZP 0. 1 For K-Factor when pressure is measured in bar, multiply S. Next we simply need to choose the specified gauge of 10. By definition, “stainless” steel must contain at least 10. K1 proximity sensors provide consistent sensing ranges for many metal target materials — and good value when evaluating cost versus sensing distance. 6–0. 7 W/(m K). (Type X,Y,K,L,M), HDPE (SDR 7. Stainless Steel: ASME 150#-2500# Flanges-100°C upto 232°C: Degreased / Cleaned: N/A: Red, Blue, Green: ASTM A453 Grade 660 Class B: 232°C upto 325°C: Ceramic Xylar-2: 25µm ±5µm:. 304 Stainless Steel. For 6 inches Insulation: multiply by 0. 3 - 1. , New York) it is the equivalent of the bend allowance and serves the same function. 0. v = Velocity of the incompressible fluid. Thermal Resistivity and Conductivity The ability of a material to resist flow of heat. 1 mm). 81. Grade 330 stainless steel can be welded using GAW techniques. 20 Ecoguard. (125 Pa) for different sizes and lengths are shown in Table 402. Can someone explain how to properly setup and use a k-factor based bend table. Sheet Metal Bend Deduction Chart (PDF) Sheet Metal Bend Deduction Chart (Excel) BEND DEDUCTION; 8 Gauge: 10 Gauge: 12 Gauge: 14 Gauge: 16 Gauge: 18 Gauge: 20 Gauge: 22 Gauge: 24 Gauge: K factor: 0. 5 = 6. 4(30) for smooth wall semi-rigid tubing, in Table 402. Mark a fold line exactly in the center. If we know the Reynolds number and the roughness - the friction coefficient - λ - in the particular flow can be calculated. Features a 3/4 inch NPT (20 mm BSPT) thread size and 8. The coefficient of friction between the bolthead (or nut) and its mating surface. Keep in mind that there will be a reduction rating when sensing stainless steel. 286 lb/in3), melting point is 1400-1450 °C (2550-2650 °F), thermal conductivity is 16. 02 0. This steel is known for its good corrosion resistance and formability, coupled with practical mechanical properties. 1 very often which confuses me. As a result, carbon steel, which contains little chromium, is harder, but. The common techniques for calculating "accurate" flat patterns involve using bend deduction tables or the K-factor. 4 Btu/ft·h·°F at 212 °F), yield. Greater resistance to the elements than 304 stainless. 16. ) Asbestos cementK Factor: K Factor is a torque coefficient between bolt and receptacle. They are available with aluminum or copper windings and in all three temperature rise ratings. The K-factor and the Y-factor assess the sheet metal's response to bending and the degree to which it can be bent. copper 0. Base part number is shown. Relative roughness can be expressed as. 5°. Style: Upright. It enters a region where da/dN is linearly dependent upon log ΔK. (Learn proper lubrication techniques in our Level 1 course — now available free. Its composition offers reliable protection against seizure and heat-freeze,. Horizontal Sidewall. 93 g/cm3 (0. For plate under 2mm, K-factor is 0. The nut factor, K, sums up the combined effects of many variables affecting. The K-factor also increases with harder materials such as steel and stainless steel but never exceeds the 0. The required tonnage is often prohibitive. 5% and allowable stress 16000 psi - can with quality factor E for steel 0. The table at. Bend allowance chart for SECC (galvanized steel sheet). 2 in. *The TYCO Series TY-L 5. Steel is the global backbone material of industrialized societies, with more than 1. Approvals. T = K×F×D. 28 r/d=0. 30 mm / 0. Tensile specimens were machined from these AM bulk materials for three different inclinations: 0 ° , 45 ° , and 90 ° relative to the build plate. 8 Square Head; Low Head Socket Cap Screws. 237 in, thickness tolerance 12. I. MATERIAL, BEND RADII AND MINIMUM BEND SIZE CHARTS. 33 K factor 0. Flexible Rubber Tubing - Smooth. 4301). Step 1: Choose Meter Type. 20: Lubricated: 0. ASM Specialty Handbook - Stainless Steel - J. The coefficient k is measured in watts per meter Kelvin (or degree) (W/mK). Riveted steel (new) 0. This specification covers chromium, chromium-nickel, and chromium-manganese-nickel stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip for pressure vessels and for basic. Metal. e. Relative roughness can be expressed as. In simple terms, R-values measure the effectiveness of insulation and a higher number represents more effective insulation. An air to air plate exchanger with area 2 m 2 and wall thickness 0. This chart is for reference only – you should always verify your process for better results. (5. q / A = [(17 W/(m K)) / (2 10 -3 m)] (80 o C)K = 0. 2, θ / σ 0. Here are the steps to be followed to calculate sheet metal flat length: Step-1: Enter Flange Length, Internal Radius, and thickness values. Italian / italiano.